There are many variations and types of septic tanks but the concept of how they work is always the same. As seen below the sewage comes from the house through the inlet pipe. Once the sewage enters the tank it begins to settle based on the density. Accumulating in 3 distinct layers scum floats on top, Sludge sinks to the bottom and wastewater floats in the middle. As sewage enters the tank it forces wastewater out the outlet through baffle. The outlet baffle is vital to the operation of the tank because it allows the wastewater to exit and leaves the scum and sludge in the tank. As time passes the scum and sludge accumulate inside the tank and eventually will begin to exit the outlet damaging the leach field or clog the inlet pipe coming from the house. This is why pumping the tank is crucial to the longevity of your septic system.
Every leach field is designed specific to the size of the home and the percolation rate of the soil. But the principle is the same. After the water leaves the septic tank through the outlet it enters the distribution box, where it is equally distributed to each leach line. The leach lines allow the water to slowly absorb into the ground. New York state allows several different products and methods to accomplish this process. The conventional system uses pipe with small holes laid in a long trench that is backfilled with crushed stone. The length and quantity of lines is determined by the number of bedrooms in the house and how fast the soil can absorb water(Percolation Rate).
There are a couple different reasons a leach field may be wet
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